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Compare the ethical behavior of Zeus with the ethical teaching of Jesus. According to Wikipedia “Zeus (Ζεύς) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman Equivalent Jupiter. His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perkunas, Perun, Indra, Dyaus, and Zoiz” So basically Zeus is the most powerful god of the Greeks. He is very powerful and ruthless. He was not someone that you would want to be around. To the Greeks it was make the gods happy or else they would bring you bad sanctions, but if you didn’t make Zeus happy your pretty much dead. 

While Jesus teaches us that we are all loved and have a chance to make it to Heaven. We need to admit that we are sinners, believe that Jesus died for us, then confess Him as Lord. After we believe in him we need to Stop doing all the bad stuff we wee doing then do what God wants us to do.

Romans 3:23 ” For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and all are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus.”

Romans 5:8 “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this While we were still sinners Christ died for us”

Romans 6:23 “For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord.”

Acts 5:8 “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved”

John 3:16 “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”

I know that the better choice of these two is Jesus.

 

What were the problems besetting the Church in the tenth and eleventh centuries? What was “moderate reform”? In the tenth and eleventh centuries the church had started to develop some problems. One of these problems is called deteriorate which according to the dictionary means “become progressively worse.” So basically the church started to worsen because people in the Western Empire couldn’t do what they needed to because the Empire was to big. The church was caught in a feudal system, so the church officials started acting like vandals and this disrupted the church. The moderate reform was a time where Pope Leo IX wrote a Collection of 74 Titles. 

Describe the events that took place during the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV. What was at stake? When Pope Gregory VII was elected he said thing about Henry IV that he didn’t like. Gregory said that Henry was only supposed to to specific things and not elect clergymen. If he didn’t do this then the Pope said that he was a tyrant. This started an argument against these two and it ended with Henry exiling Gregory and because of it Gregory died. 

What was Christendom? Christendom is something that refers to Christians and everything about them. So basically it refers to me too because I am a Christian. 

How were adoption and inheritance related in Paul’s thought? All throughout Paul’s life he wrote many of the books from  the New Testament. Some of these are Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus and Philemon. These books (also called letters) of the Bible were written to other churches and people. He even wrote some of them while he was in prison for preaching. Some books were written to teach others like 1-2 Timothy. 

So how were adoption and inheritance related in Paul’s thought? Paul tells us that when we become Christians God adopts us. And so we inherit the kingdom of God. No one is an heir to Gods kingdom. Because Adam sinned we are all now born sinners. In the book of Roman’s there are many well known verses which people call the Romans Road. Some of the well-known verses are Romans 3:23 “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” Then Romans 6:23 says “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.” John 3:16 is maybe the most well-known verse from the Bible. It says “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” 

Paul wanted everyone to be save that he was willing to risk his life for people to be saved. Paul also wanted people to know that anyone can be saved. Some people think that God won’t accept them because they sinned too much or did to big of a sin, but for God there is no such thing as too big of a sin or too much sin. He will accept anyone. 

 

Describe feudalism and manorialism. According to the dictionary feudalism is “the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.” Basically this means that people could live on some ones land and work for him to provide him with supply’s. In return the people got military protection because this was the time of Barbarian and Viking invasion. 

According to Britannica “manorialism, also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.” This is basically how ownership worked at this time. 

Why were the Sadducees and the apostles unable to find a way to reconcile their rival opinions? According to Wikipedia “The Sadducees were a socio-religious sect of Jewish people who were active in Judea during the Second Temple period, from the second century BCE through the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. The Sadducees are often compared to other contemporaneous sects, including the Pharisees and the Essenes.”

Throughout the book of Acts the Sadducees and the apostles were having a conflict against each other. The book of Acts can be located in the New Testament of the Bible. The Sadducees were practicing the mosaic law and the apostles were preaching the new law of Christianity. The Sadducees were really mad at the apostles because they saw them as a threat and because of their teachings. The were willing to do anything to stop the apostles from preaching their belief, even kill them. They captured, imprisoned, and killed the apostles so they would stop, but they didn’t. Some of them were even happy they were being arrested because that meant that people knew who they were, because they would die for their faith, and they would go to be with the Lord. In 1 Corinthians 16:13 Paul tells the other apostles to “Be on your guard; stand firm in the faith; be courageous; be strong.” Another verse that tells us to stand firm is 1 Corinthians 15:58, “Therefore, my beloved brothers, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that in the Lord your labor is not in vain.” 

The Sadducees were angry at Paul for sending these letters to others so they did everything they could to scare the apostles and to stop them from preaching, but they wouldn’t. The apostles knew that what they were preaching was right so they did anything that they could to let others know. The Sadducees would not give up their Mosaic law for Christianity. They wouldn’t accept it so they killed the one’s who preached it. This proves how much the apostles loved God, that they were willing to die for Him.  

What kind of person emerges from the Procopius portrayal of Justinian? According to Wikipedia “Procopius was a prominent late antique Greek scholar from Caesarea Maritima Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian’s wars, Procopius became the principal Roman historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the Secret History.”

Procopius begins by describing Justinian’s physical characteristics which aren’t bad, then he describes his personality’s which is bad. When Justinian became Emperor he changed pretty much everything. He basically ruined everything, but has one goal to unify Africa, Italy, Spain, Gaul and Britain with orthodox Christianity.

 

According to Mark’s gospel, what was the main issue dividing Jesus from the leaders of Israel? This past week I have been learning about the book of Mark. Mark is located in the New Testament in the Bible. It is the second and shortest of the four Gospel. In Greek the work Gospel means “good news”. Mark covers from Jesus’s birth to His ascension.  

One of the main issues dividing Jesus from the leaders of Israel is that Jesus was claiming to be the son of God. Whenever Jesus said this they called it blasphemy and became angry. An example of this is Mark 14: 61-64 “Once again the high priest interrogated him: ‘Are you the messiah, the Son of the Blessed One? ‘ Then Jesus answered: ‘I am; and you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power and coming with the clouds of heaven.

One other issue was Jesus’s miracles. Jesus did many miracles including walking on water, casting out demons, healing blind men, lepers, mute people, and feeding hundreds of people from very little food. Basically He could do anything because He was God. One of these miracles is casting out a deaf and dumb spirit in Mark 9: 14-29.

14 And when He came to the disciples, He saw a great multitude around them, and scribes disputing with them. 15 Immediately, when they saw Him, all the people were greatly amazed, and running to Him, greeted Him. 16 And He asked the scribes, “What are you discussing with them?”

17 Then one of the crowd answered and said, “Teacher, I brought You my son, who has a mute spirit. 18 And wherever it seizes him, it throws him down; he foams at the mouth, gnashes his teeth, and becomes rigid. So I spoke to Your disciples, that they should cast it out, but they could not.”

19 He answered him and said, “O faithless generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to Me.” 20 Then they brought him to Him. And when he saw Him, immediately the spirit convulsed him, and he fell on the ground and wallowed, foaming at the mouth.

21 So He asked his father, “How long has this been happening to him?”

And he said, “From childhood. 22 And often he has thrown him both into the fire and into the water to destroy him. But if You can do anything, have compassion on us and help us.”

23 Jesus said to him, “If you can believe, all things are possible to him who believes.”

24 Immediately the father of the child cried out and said with tears, “Lord, I believe; help my unbelief!”

25 When Jesus saw that the people came running together, He rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to it, “Deaf and dumb spirit, I command you, come out of him and enter him no more!” 26 Then the spirit cried out, convulsed him greatly, and came out of him. And he became as one dead, so that many said, “He is dead.” 27 But Jesus took him by the hand and lifted him up, and he arose.

28 And when He had come into the house, His disciples asked Him privately, “Why could we not cast it out?”

29 So He said to them, “This kind can come out by nothing but prayer and fasting.”

Mark is a great book and I encourage you to read it.

The process by which Christianity was spread in England. According to BBC, “We tend to associate the arrival of Christianity in Britain with the mission of Augustine in 597 AD. … It began when Roman artisans and traders arriving in Britain spread the story of Jesus along with stories of their Pagan deities.”

Who was the Venerable Bede, and why was he significant? According to The British Library, “Bede was one of the greatest scholars of the Anglo-Saxon period. He produced a large number of works on subjects as varied as science, music, poetry and biblical commentary, but he is most famous for his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, one of our best-written sources for early English history”. He was significant because he was a great writer and teacher. He was considered to be the greatest scholar of his time by multiple historians.

How important were the miracles in the book’s account of Jesus’ early ministry? This past week I have been learning about the book of Mark. Mark is located in the New Testament in the Bible. It is the second and shortest of the four Gospel. In Greek the work Gospel means “good news”. Mark covers from Jesus’s birth to His ascension

The miracles . in the Gospels were very important in Jesus’s life and ministry. Jesus healed many people and it wasn’t to be kind, even though it was. He preformed miracles to impact peoples lives, so they would believe in Him. His miracles didn’t just impact people in that time period, but in this one too. One of the miracles can be found in Mark 6: 30-44 feeding the five thousand.

30 Then the apostles gathered to Jesus and told Him all things, both what they had done and what they had taught. 31 And He said to them, “Come aside by yourselves to a deserted place and rest a while.” For there were many coming and going, and they did not even have time to eat. 32 So they departed to a deserted place in the boat by themselves.

33 But a]the multitudes saw them departing, and many knew Him and ran there on foot from all the cities. They arrived before them and came together to Him. 34 And Jesus, when He came out, saw a great multitude and was moved with compassion for them, because they were like sheep not having a shepherd. So He began to teach them many things. 35 When the day was now far spent, His disciples came to Him and said, “This is a deserted place, and already the hour is late. 36 Send them away, that they may go into the surrounding country and villages and buy themselves b]bread; for they have nothing to eat.”

37 But He answered and said to them, “You give them something to eat.”

And they said to Him, “Shall we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give them something to eat?”

38 But He said to them, “How many loaves do you have? Go and see.”

And when they found out they said, “Five, and two fish.”

39 Then He commanded them to make them all sit down in groups on the green grass. 40 So they sat down in ranks, in hundreds and in fifties. 41 And when He had taken the five loaves and the two fish, He looked up to heaven, blessed and broke the loaves, and gave them to His disciples to set before them; and the two fish He divided among them all. 42 So they all ate and were filled. 43 And they took up twelve baskets full of fragments and of the fish. 44 Now those who had eaten the loaves were c]about five thousand men.

In this miracle Jesus fed five thousand men and that doesn’t include the women and the children. That much people could have been at least ten thousand! Jesus could also do thing like healing the blind, the deaf, the lame, the mute, possessed people, and walking on water. He could do anything because he was and is God.  

Discuss the shift in power from the Merovingians to the Carolingians. Why did it occur, and how? The two families, Merovingians and the Carolingians governed over a Germanic and Christian people called the Frank’s. The Merovingian family ruled over the Frank’s from the seventh century to the early eight century, and over the years that family had gone corrupt and problems were starting. Some corrupt practices had come into the church. At this time the Carolingian family help the place of the mayor in the palace and were handling the administrations. At this time Pepin the Short sees the need to legitimize his reign, so he askes the pope if it is good that men with the power have no title and the men with the title have no power. The pope says this isn’t good so he blesses the change of dynasty from the Merovingians to the Carolingians.

 What picture of Charlemagne emerges from Einhard’s biography? According to Wikipedia “Einhard was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, ‘one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages.'” In this biography Charlemagne is described as a ruthless warrior and a great military leader. Basically a role model to the soldiers.